2.7 Test Starch and Glucose

Test For Glucose - C6H12O6

1. put the glucose powder in the test tube with water and dissolve it.
2. add the Benedict's reagent 'blue'. Test tube would become blue colour.
3. place the test tube in he water bath (60-70c) and put it for 2/3 mins.
4. take the test tube out and the result you get is orange colour and it will soon become green.

Test For Starch

1. white powder into the spotting tiles and add iodine solution (brown colour).
2. the change is from brown colour to very dark blue back colour. ( positive test).

2.6 Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates - sugars and large molecules that sugar combine to is starch (plants) and glycogen (animals).
• Proteins - amino acids , amino acids join together to form actual proteins.
• Lipids - has 2 groups-glycerol and atty acids and they both join together to form lipids.

2.5 Elements in biological molecules

• Carbohydrates- CHO are present.
• Protein - CHON are present.
• Lipid-CHO are present.
• Lipid and Carbohydrates has the same structure 'CHO'
• Carbohydrates includes sugar and large molecules is ploysacchrides (starch). Proteins are amino acids which includes nitrogen. Lipids has 2 groups first one is fats from the animals and the other group is oils from the plants.

2.4 Plant cell and Animal cell

• Both cells have nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.
• The different is the shape the plant shape is more regular.
• The plant cell has cell vacuole.
• Plant cell store starch but animal cell store glycogen.

2.3 Cell Functions

typical animal cell:

Cell membrane	Controls which substances can enter and leave the cell.
Nucleus	Contains genetic material that controls the function of the cell.
Cytoplasm	Contains many organelles in which all cell process take place.
Mitochondria	Cell organelle Site of aerobic respiration Release of energy for cell processes

PLant cell:

Cell membrane	Controls which substances can enter and leave the cell.
Nucleus	Contains genetic material that controls the function of the cell.
Cytoplasm	Contains many organelles in which all cell process take place.
Mitochondria	Cell organelle Site of aerobic respiration Release of energy for cell processes
Vacuole	Storage region for amino acids and sugars
Chloroplast	Site of photosynthesis
Cell wall	Provides support for plant cell and the plant tissues.

2.2 Cell Structure

• Cell has a cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.
• The first cell shows the animal cells and the second cell is the plant cell.

2.1 Organisation

·         What make the plant an organism is that they are individual species that can do reproduction. The function is the ‘Transport’ of water which is in the transpiration. Big functions are associated with system which is reproduction and photosynthesis included need to gather water, light and carbon dioxide.

·         System can be defined as organs, tissue; cell that is working together for one overall purpose is photosynthesis. The diagram is an organ of the leaf. The overall function of the leave is photosynthesis, gas exchange and transpiration.

·         The tissues are cells of the same kind due to the same shape and they do the same function.

Organs	Functions
Phloem	Cells transport ‘sap’
Xylem	Transport water and minerals
Paliscide	Main tissue involve photosynthesis
mesophyll	The space for transpiration and photosynthesis

·         Palisade cell: the chloroplast, cell membrane, cell wall the cytoplasm are called organelles; work together to produce the functioning cell. The organization is based on cell, tissue, organs, system and organism.